NEC 220 Standard Sizing · United States (120V / 240V)

Whole House Standby Generator Sizing Calculator

Calculate the exact continuous kilowatts (kW), starting surge inrush, Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) amperage rating, and Natural Gas (CFH) / Propane (GPH) fuel demand for your home backup system.

240V Split-Phase Sizing NG (CFH) & LP (GPH) Fuel Estimator AC Soft-Start Simulator 100A–400A ATS Switch Matching

One-Click Home Presets

Select a standard profile to instantly auto-populate equipment ratings.

1 Electrical Load & Service Configuration

Select your home's utility service and major 240V equipment. Fields marked with * are required inputs.

Service Panel & Fuel Parameters

Determines Whole-House Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) amp rating.

Natural gas engines lose ~10-15% rated kW output due to lower BTU energy density.

Major HVAC, Pumps & 240V Equipment

Largest Surge Drivers

Fuel Consumption & Gas Supply Sizing (NG vs LP)

Estimates fuel burn rate at 50% average load and 100% full capacity for your sized standby generator.

Natural Gas (Utility Line) Continuous
50% Load Consumption: 165 CFH (165,000 BTU/hr)
100% Full Load Consumption: 295 CFH (295,000 BTU/hr)
Required Gas Meter Rating: AC-400 / 400 CFH Meter
Gas Pressure Tip: Natural gas standby generators require 5" to 7" Water Column (W.C.) continuous dynamic pressure at full load.
Liquid Propane (LP Tank) Bulk Tank
50% Load Burn Rate: 2.2 GPH (8.3 L/hr)
100% Full Load Burn Rate: 3.8 GPH (14.4 L/hr)
500 Gal Tank Runtime (@50%): ~181 Hours (7.5 Days)
80% Fill Rule: A 500-gallon propane tank holds 400 usable gallons to allow for vapor expansion.
24-Hour Outage Cost US Average
Natural Gas (~$1.40/CCF): ~$55 / day
Propane (~$3.20/gal): ~$168 / day
Fuel Cost Efficiency: Natural Gas is ~65% Cheaper
Utility piped natural gas eliminates the hassle of fuel deliveries during blizzards and hurricanes.

Itemized Home Load Audit & Circuit Inventory

Toggle individual circuits on or off to see how they impact generator continuous and starting surge requirements.

Appliance / Circuit Category Running Watts Surge (Inrush) Active Status

Add Custom Home Load / Circuit

Standby Generator Sizing Guide: NEC 220 Standards & Sizing Calculations

Permanently installed standby generators operate automatically via an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). When grid utility power drops out, the ATS signals the generator to start, reaches operating RPM in under 10 to 12 seconds, and mechanically cuts the utility feed while connecting the standby alternator to your home electrical panel.

NEC Article 220 & 702 Compliance

Under the National Electrical Code (NEC 702.4), an automatic transfer system must have adequate capacity to pick up all connected loads simultaneously unless equipped with automatic load management (load shedding) modules that drop non-critical heavy 240V circuits.

Compressor LRA & Soft Starters

Air conditioning compressors draw Locked Rotor Amps (LRA) for 100–300 milliseconds upon ignition, demanding up to 5x their running wattage. Installing an electronic soft starter lowers inrush by 65%, allowing a 4-ton AC to start smoothly on a 18kW–22kW generator.

Standby Generator Quick Sizing Rule of Thumb

Home Size (Sq Ft) Central AC Size Typical Service Panel Recommended Standby Generator
1,200 – 1,800 sq ft 2.0 – 2.5 Ton 100A – 150A 10 kW – 14 kW
1,800 – 2,800 sq ft 3.0 – 4.0 Ton 200A 18 kW – 24 kW (Most Common)
2,800 – 4,000 sq ft Dual ACs (3T + 2.5T) 200A 24 kW – 26 kW
4,000+ sq ft / Estate Multiple ACs, Pool, EV 400A (Dual 200A) 30 kW – 48 kW Liquid-Cooled

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What size standby generator do I need for an average 2,500 sq ft home?

For a typical 2,500 sq ft home with a 3.5 to 4-ton central air conditioner, refrigerator, deep well pump, gas furnace, and home electronics, a 20 kW to 24 kW standby generator provides complete whole-house comfort without needing to manually turn off circuits during an outage.

How does an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) get sized?

For a whole-house backup configuration, the ATS must match or exceed your utility main electrical panel amperage (most modern homes have a 200 Amp panel, requiring a 200A Service Entrance Rated ATS). If you have a 400A service, electricians typically install dual 200A transfer switches or a dedicated 400A transfer switch.

Does a standby generator produce less power on Natural Gas than Liquid Propane?

Yes. Liquid propane delivers approximately 2,516 BTU per cubic foot, whereas utility natural gas provides ~1,000 BTU per cubic foot. Because of this lower energy density, an air-cooled engine yields roughly 10% to 15% lower maximum kilowatt output on natural gas (for example, a generator rated at 24 kW on LP will output ~21 kW on natural gas).

What is an AC soft starter and why is it recommended for standby generators?

An AC soft starter (like Micro-Air EasyStart) ramps up the compressor motor voltage gradually over several AC cycles, reducing peak Locked Rotor Amps (LRA) by 60% to 70%. This prevents the generator engine from bogging down or suffering temporary voltage dips when the air conditioner turns on.

What natural gas meter size is needed for a whole house generator?

A typical 22 kW to 26 kW standby generator demands 250 to 350 CFH (Cubic Feet per Hour) of gas at full load. When added to your water heater, stove, and furnace, your total household gas load often exceeds 400 CFH. Most gas utility companies will upgrade your standard AC-250 (250 CFH) residential meter to an AC-400 or AC-630 meter upon request.